Apr 12, 2018 modernization theory is a theory used to explain the process of modernization within societies. Evolution of development and development administration theory. The reliance on the noble families, as the case is feudal system, acts like a hindering factor private investors. Essay on development administration public administration. This has necessitated the evocation of dependency theory in. Modernization theory and the sociological study of development the author would like to thank rita cruise obrien and leslie sklair for encouraging him to commit to paper his views on this subject, and ronald dore and donal cruise obrien for their extensive comments on an earlier draft. Modernization consists of a gradual differentiation and specialization of social structures. The theory looks at the internal factors of a country while assuming that, with assistance, traditional countries can be brought to development in the same manner more developed countries have. Social change and development sage publications inc.
The essence of development administration is to bring about change through integrated, organised and properly directed governmental action. Headline for a december, 2002, news story on reporting the george w. The modernization theory can be of applied in explaining the african development process. The tasks of modernization for developing countries are becoming. Modernization theories are recent in development and its practice was in the period 1945 1955, however the period of enlightenment throughout the 18th century can be seen as the start of portraying western ideas as above those of the third world.
Positive and negative effects of modernization my essay. Development theory dependency and world systems theories. Development theory is a collection of theories about how desirable change in society is best achieved. Essay on the concept of development administration. Development administration is about projects, programs, policies and ideas which are focused at development of a nation, with the point of view of socioeconomic and sociopolitical development of society in general, carried out by talented and skilled bureaucrats. Modernization is seen at the level of economics, as well as the ways in which these traditional approaches are subjected to clinical trials and then standardized, commodified, and mass distributedsuch as the curative use of artemesinin qing hao for malaria, and the controversial patent of the neem tree azadirachta indica for its medicinal properties figure 12. In this context, in the late 1940s, modernisation theory was developed.
Development theory, cluster of research and theories on economic and political development the emergence of development theory. Spread of a perceived united world communist movement 4. The rise of modernization theory modernizing the middle east. Modernization theory is subject to criticism originating among socialist and freemarket ideologies, worldsystems theorists, globalization theorists and.
Modernization theory originated from the ideas of german sociologist max weber 18641920, which provided the basis for the modernization paradigm. Modernisation theory development and underdevelopment. The core idea in modernization is that under development in the third orld can be avoided through the. It will be of great interest to students and professionals in urban studies, development studies, political science and comparative politics. All in all, modernization theory associates modernization with industrialization, associating progress with productivity. What is modernization and different aspects of modernization. As a result, we can see lots of cities proliferating across the countries located in different continents. The application of modernisation theory to phases in maori. The most popular criticism would revolve around the idea of ethnocentrism, or the assumption that how economic and social progress has worked in certain countries would work equally as well. Modernization processes in the modern world revista espacios.
The theory looks at which aspects of countries are beneficial and which constitute obstacles for economic development. These theoretical perspectives allow us not only to clarify concepts, to. The next section will discuss an alternative theory of development, which is dependence theory. Modernity is defined as a condition of social existence that is significantly different to all past forms of human experience, while modernization refers to the transitional process of moving from traditional or primitive communities to modern societies. Aug 31, 2015 modernization theory and dependency theory are two development theories between which some difference can be identified. Modernization is seen at the level of economics, as well as the ways in which these traditional approaches are subjected to clinical trials and then standardized, commodified, and mass distributedsuch as the curative use of artemesinin qing hao for malaria, and the controversial patent of the neem tree azadirachta indica for its medicinal properties figure. Modernization, modernization theory a term and approach that came into widespread use in the early 1960s, as a consequence of the efforts by a group of development specialists in the united states to develop an alternative to the. The endogenous explanation is a modernization theory. The modernization theory elaborates on two main categories of societies in.
Difference between modernization theory and dependency. Debates over modernity have been most prominent in the discipline of sociology, created in the nineteenth. Modernization theory both attempts to identify the social variables that contribute to social progress and development of societies and seeks to explain the process of social evolution. This article examines the link between economic development and democracy. It was the start of the origin that development became directly associated with western values and ideologies, thus showing us a early modernization theory, however modernization theory developed much later than this, as stated above, but can. Developed by american social scientists in the 1950s. Modernization theory stresses the functional necessity of efficient bureaucracy for welfare state development because, without it, effective taxation and administration of complex distributional programs is simply impossible. Concept and features the essence of development administration is to bring about change through integrated, organised and properly directed governmental action. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on development administration especially written for school and college students. The alternatives are quite simple and well known the commandadministrative and.
Society for comparative studies in society and history. Rostow 1971 suggested that following initial investment, countries would then set off on an evolutionary process in which they would progress up 5 stages of a development ladder. If the theory that democracy emerges as a result of economic development is true, transitions to democracy would be more likely when authoritarian regimes reach higher levels of development. These theories are the modernization theory, the dependency theory and the feminist theory. Modernization theory revisited, comparative politics 21 october 1988, 26. This refurbishing of developmentmodernization theory calls for sev. Difference between modernization theory and dependency theory. Subtitle of daniel lerners 1958 book, the passing of traditional society modernizing the mideast. Development can be seen as a process of expanding the. These are the principal theoretical explanations to interpret development efforts carried out especially in the developing countries. Modernization theory and the united states meets iran. Depending on which theory that is being looked at, there. Social change and development is the first study that compares the strengths and weaknesses of the three schools of development in a thorough, comprehensive manner.
According to this theory, development is a linear process in which societies proceed through similar steps or phases before reaching modernity. Development theory economics and political science britannica. Modernization versus dependency in the context of colonial. Amartya sen development as freedom, oxford 2000 has defined development in the following words. Primary attention has focused on ways in which past and present premodern societies become modern i. Development theory development theory dependency and world systems theories. As the name development administration implies, basically, it is concerned with.
A model of development administration must contain the following points. Development administration as a concept is a byproduct of the comparative study of public administration in developing countries which are making efforts to attain selfgenerated economic growth the term is of recent origin. Sep 27, 2015 modernisation theory historical context 1940s and 50s by the end of ww2 it had become clear that despite exposure to capitalism many of the countries of the south had failed to develop. Modernization theory and the sociological study of development. Also know as modernism, modernization theories were best known for transforming traditional countries in what we know was the third world, into modern nations that have been developed through western ideas and models. Pdf evolution of development and development administration. Sep 29, 2019 many scholars, often people of color and those from nonwestern nations, pointed out over the years that modernization theory fails to account for the way western reliance on colonization, slave labor, and theft of land and resources provided the wealth and material resources necessary for the pace and scale of development in the west see postcolonial theory for extensive discussions of this.
Modernization versus dependency in the context of colonial bengal. Modernization theory modernisation theory has been defined as a theory reyes, 2001a that uses a systematic process to move underdeveloped countries to a more sophisticated level of development. Modernization theory casts development as a uniform evolutionary route that all. Pdf development and modernization theory handout perin. A critical analysis in the changing world situation after the post 1945 era, the development of modernization theory in order to modernise the rest of the world in line with american development is interestingly significant in the history of development studies. Perin gurel development and modernization theory development is a kind of discourse built upon the assumption that the political and socioeconomic problems of the socalled third world can be solved by the replication of western capitalist modernization in these countries. In the recent past the governments in most of the developing nations have shifted their focus on development by means of planned change and peoples participation. Kennedys announcement of the alliance for progress, and the prominent role played by modernization theory in his administrations approach toward the developing world, have been viewed as a stark contrast to what had come before. Concept of modern, modernity and modernisation are tremendously notorious, mostly because of their ambiguity and vagueness. A critique of modernization and dependency theories in. Political modernization is regarded as the result of economic development and social mobilization but according to huntington political modernization containing three more elements in addition to economic development and social mobilization. This view, moreover, has been strengthened by the actions of eisenhowers successor john f. The use of the term development to refer to national economic growth emerged in the united states beginning in the 1940s and in association with a key american foreign policy concern.
The main objective of this document is to synthesize the main aspects of the four major theories of development. The concept of modernization incorporates the full spectrum of the transition and drastic transformation that a traditional society has to undergo in order to become. Development in african can be facilitated through moving from a feudal to a capitalist society. Modernization theory, dependency theory and world systems. The most wellknown version of modernization theory is walt rostows 5 stages of economic growth. Modernisation has assumed a lot of significance particularly after the end of the second world war, in the 1950s and 1960s.
Bureaucracy, once erected, may also come to play an active role in decisionmaking and thus determine policy evolution. Many scholars, often people of color and those from nonwestern nations, pointed out over the years that modernization theory fails to account for the way western reliance on colonization, slave labor, and theft of land and resources provided the wealth and material resources necessary for the pace and scale of development in the west see postcolonial. Read this article to learn about the definition, concepts, policymaking, model, problems, functions, failure and theory of development administration. Modernization theory has effectively transmuted into the securitization of development discourse see duffield 2001. Indeed, back in the late 1960s robert mcnamara, reflecting upon his stint as the us secretary of defense and thinking forward to his fight on poverty as president of the world bank, astutely noted that in a. One popular model combines political development state and nationbuilding, participation, redistribution, economic growth, and social mobilization with cultural. Development and modernization theory handout hist 7 handout i tf. Herbert hoover, modernization, and economic growth in.
Positive and negative effects of modernization my essay point. Development can be seen as a process of expanding the real freedom that people. The development of administrative thought can be placed into a loose historical framework. A critique of modernization and dependency theories in africa. It was seen as almost a modern continuation of the colonial mission to encourage development as developed. Modernization theory is a theory used to explain the process of modernization that a nation goes through as it transitions from a traditional society.
Modernity and modernization oxford research encyclopedia of. Modernity and modernization oxford research encyclopedia. Dependency theory highlights that due to colonial and postcolonial endeavors the countries at the periphery are constantly exploited by those at the core. The theory has not been attributed to any one person. Indeed, the us had a long history of engagement with the modernization of latin american countries. These theoretical perspectives allow us not only to clarify concepts, to set them in. Essay on the meaning of development administration. Modernization theory claimed that once developing societies came into contact with western european and north american societies, they would be impelled toward modernization and, eventually, would achieve the economic, political, and social features characteristic of the. The maturing of development administration wiley online library.
How modernization theory can apply in african development. Goswami in 1955, but the formal recognition to it was given when the. The modernization and functional theories of development and social change were adopted to xray the entire process a country faces while transforming from primitive to modern society. Farhan ahmad faiz 2 historical background to modernization theory 1 post world war twos deepening poverty in some countries 2 ideological competition from communism 3 increasing unrest in some countries 4 the above posed a threat to capitalism, and especially.
However, the way modernization theory suggests for. Modernization theory an overview sciencedirect topics. Such theories draw on a variety of social science disciplines and approaches. Modernization theory is a description and explanation of the processes of transformation from traditional or underdeveloped societies to modern societies. Modernization theory is subject to criticism originating among socialist and freemarket ideologies, worldsystems theorists, globalization theorists and dependency theorists among others. That being the case, the experience of latin america in the last decade suggests that it is time to discard or totally revamp much of the theory that has fallen under the rubrics of develop. Modernization theory and dependency theory are two development theories between which some difference can be identified. Modernization theory has been one of the major perspectives in the sociology of national development and underdevelopment since the 1950s. Government modernization ecole nationale dadministration. Drawing on modernization theory, it considers whether democracy is more likely to emerge in a country that modernizes economically. Modernization refers to a model of a progressive transition from a premodern or traditional to a modern society. In this article, multiple theories are discussed, as are recent developments with regard to these theories.
Modernization theory is a theory used to explain the process of modernization that a nation goes through as it transitions from a traditional society to a modern one. Modernization theory is used to explain the process of modernization within societies. Here is an essay on development administration for class 9, 10, 11 and 12. In fact, each step along the way constitutes an advance or gain kiely, 2005. Modernization, modernization theory and its criticism.
Development theory rostows fivestage model of development and ist relevance in globalization essay school of social science faculty of education and arts the university of newcastle. Positive and negative effects of modernization modernization has become an integral part of society because it is necessary for the economic development of the people. Modernization theory claimed that once developing societies came into contact with western european and north american societies, they would be impelled toward modernization and, eventually, would achieve the economic, political, and social features characteristic of the nations of western europe and the united. Modernization theory is a theory that attempts to explain how nations transition from traditional to modern societies. Generally, modernization theory and dependency theory are antipodal theoretical approaches. The idea is that development assistance targeted at those particular aspects can lead to modernization of traditional or backward societies. In the words of one of the major proponents, historically, modernization is the process of change towards those types of social, economic, and political systems that have developed in. Modernization theories backwardness theories according to modernization theories, internal factors in the countries, such as illiteracy, traditional agrarian structure, the traditional attitude of the population, the low division of labour, the lack of communication and infrastructure, etc. The crisis in modernization theory the period following the second world war has witnessed the advent of a massive and unprecedented project of social engineering in third world countries, variously termed industrialization, modernization, or development. In the recent past the governments in most of the developing nations have shifted their focus on development by means of planned change and peoples. Sep 19, 2017 the most wellknown version of modernization theory is walt rostows 5 stages of economic growth. The modernization theory elaborates on two main categories of societies in world, namely the traditional. By the late 1960s opposition developed because the theory was too general and did not fit all societies in quite the same way. The basic assumption of this theory, in any of its versions, is that there is one general end page 157 process of which democratization is but the final stage.
234 1082 1019 1560 1012 1381 1235 287 326 522 1281 1078 752 1071 877 1174 3 1116 188 542 652 993 1214 9 161 100 160 573 1330 1558 759 420 27 771 1009 1203 678 889 613 1401 35 614 900 1014